How Is “Naturally Derived ○%” Calculated? | International Standard ISO 16128

On cosmetics packaging and in product descriptions, you may see statements such as “natural origin index ○%” or “organic origin ○%.” One calculation method widely referenced around the world for these figures is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard “ISO 16128.”

Two Parts

ISO 16128 is a guideline that provides technical definitions and criteria for ingredients and products in natural and organic cosmetics. Part 1, published in 2016, defines terms such as “natural ingredient,” “natural origin ingredient,” and “organic ingredient.” Part 2, published in 2017, sets out how to calculate indexes for ingredients and products.

“1” or “0” for Each Ingredient

Part 2 considers four indexes for each ingredient: the “natural index,” “natural origin index,” “organic index,” and “organic origin index.” If an ingredient meets the definition, it is assigned 1; if it does not, it is assigned 0. Multiplying this by the formulation amount and adding the results gives the percentage for the product as a whole. Because the figure changes depending on whether water is included, it is also important to state the assumptions used in the calculation.

ISO 16128 is a standard intended to align “how the proportion of natural and organic content is counted.” Labeling and advertising expressions, as well as safety for people and the environment, are considered outside the scope of this standard.

What the Standard Does Not Decide

ISO 16128 does not address how products are communicated in labeling or advertising (claims), safety for people, environmental impact, packaging materials, or laws and regulations in each country. When labeling or advertising cosmetics in Japan, it is necessary to follow rules such as the Act on Securing Quality, Efficacy and Safety of Products Including Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices. For ingredient labeling, see How to Read the Full Ingredient List, and for the meaning of “additive-free,” see Read the labeling rules is also worth reading.

References: International Organization for Standardization (ISO), “ISO 16128-1:2016” and “ISO 16128-2:2017”

—The Value Village Editorial Team