Microplastics in Cosmetics | Phased Regulations Set by the EU

Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters. As their release into oceans and rivers becomes a global issue, the European Union (EU) has established rules to gradually restrict microplastics intentionally added to products. Cosmetics are also covered.

What Is Regulation (EU) 2023/2055?

European Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2055 was adopted in September 2023 and entered into force on October 17 of the same year. It is a restriction under the EU chemicals regulation REACH, limiting the placing on the market of synthetic polymer microparticles, either on their own or in products at a concentration of 0.01% or more by weight. The European Commission says this restriction could prevent the release of about 500,000 tons of microplastics into the environment.

Transition Periods Vary by Type of Cosmetic

For cosmetics, the timing of application is phased according to product type.

• Microparticles used in scrubs for exfoliating care and similar purposes (microbeads), loose glitter: from the date of entry into force
• Rinse-off cosmetics: from October 2027
• Leave-on cosmetics: from October 2029
• Lip, nail, and makeup products: from October 2035

A distinctive feature of this rule is that the grace periods differ by product type, taking into account the time needed to develop alternative ingredients and review formulations. Products currently on store shelves will gradually be replaced over several years.

Labeling Obligations, Too

For some products during the transition period, information must also be provided to users on how to use and dispose of them in order to avoid releasing microparticles into the environment. For the EU cosmetics rules overall, see Reading the EU Cosmetics Regulation, and for fragrance labeling, see Fragrance Allergen Labeling Rules for more details.

References: European Commission, European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Regulation (EU) 2023/2055

—The Value Village Editorial Team